Rochester Castle has the highest surviving Norman keep in Britain. Dating from 1127, it was one of the earliest to be constructed and as at the Tower of London, and Colchester Castle, the Norman builders made use of pre-existing Roman fortifications. In 1215 the keep was besieged and undermined by King John, who rebuilt the collapsed south east corner with a less vulnerable round tower, influencing the construction of castles throughout medieval Europe.

For several centuries it was one of the four main royal castles in southern England but by the 17th century was surplus to requirements. Neglected and derelict, it become a spectacular ruin, without floors or roof despite its fine historic features, including the hall arcade and early arched fireplaces. We carried out archival research and site inspections as part of assessing the condition of the masonry structure, and prepared a statement of significance and conservation strategy to ensure the keep can be preserved and enjoyed by future generations. Our recommendations included considering the possibility of re-roofing the keep, which has the potential to provide much-needed space for a heritage centre and civic functions, which could put the castle's survival on a sustainable footing. As a result, further detailed studies are proceeding.